The photovoltaic system consists of the following three parts: solar panels, solar controllers, inverters, test instruments and computer monitoring and other power electronic equipment and batteries or other energy storage and auxiliary power generation equipment.

Photovoltaic systems are widely used, and the basic forms of photovoltaic system applications can be divided into two categories:

   Independent power generation system and grid-connected power generation system. The main application areas are mainly in aerospace aircraft, communication systems, microwave relay stations, TV turntables, photovoltaic water pumps and household power supply in areas without electricity and power shortages. With the needs of technological development and sustainable development of the world economy, developed countries have begun to promote urban photovoltaic grid-connected power generation in a planned way, mainly building household rooftop photovoltaic power generation systems and MW-level centralized large-scale grid-connected power generation systems. The application of solar photovoltaic systems has been vigorously promoted in transportation and urban lighting. The scale and application form of photovoltaic systems are different. For example, the scale of the system spans a wide range, ranging from solar garden lights of 0.3 to 2W to solar photovoltaic power stations of MW level. Its application forms are also various, and it can be widely used in many fields such as household, transportation, communication, and space applications. Although photovoltaic systems vary in size, their composition and working principles are basically the same.
The core component of the photovoltaic system is the solar controller, which determines the service life of the entire system. More and more customers are now choosing MPPT solar controllers. This is because the MPPT controller will track the maximum power point in the solar panel in real time to maximize the efficiency of the solar panel. The higher the voltage, the more power can be output through maximum power tracking, which improves the charging efficiency.